A primary machine used to crush copper ore is a jaw crusher. Jaw crushers are typically used at the primary stage to reduce large pieces of copper ore into smaller, manageable sizes. They utilize compressive forces to break down the material between a fixed and a moving plate. For subsequent processing and further reduction to a finer size, other machinery like cone crushers or impact crushers might also be used. Additionally, for finer grinding, ball mills and SAG (semi-autogenous grinding) mills are often employed.