A cone crusher works by using a mantle that gyrates within a concave bowl, employing both compressive and shear forces to break down the material. The raw material is fed into the top of the crusher and is squeezed and crushed between the mantle and the concave surfaces. As the mantle rotates, the material moves downward until it is small enough to exit through the bottom of the crusher. This process allows for efficient size reduction of various materials, making the cone crusher a critical piece of equipment in mining, quarrying, and aggregate production.