The optimal rotation speed for a ball mill is typically between 65% and 75% of the critical speed. The critical speed (Nc) can be calculated using the formula:
\[ Nc = \frac{42.3}{\sqrt{D-d}} \]
where,
Operating the ball mill within this range promotes efficient grinding by ensuring the grinding media and material are lifted sufficiently to provide impact and shear action, while avoiding excessive speed that can lead to wear and inefficient milling. Always ensure to consult specific equipment manuals and experienced operators for fine-tuning.